Additionally, numerous pS129 α-synuclein-positive cells (Fig. 7b, e) and increased activated microglia (Fig. 7c, f; red arrow) were present in the MSA brain, whereas only sparse pS129 α-synuclein staining (Fig, 7h, k) and minimal microglial activation (Fig. 7i, l) were observed in the control. Here, SNCA is linked to multiple system atrophy.