TGFB1 and neoplasm: In addition, tumor cells drive the differentiation of regulatory B cells (Bregs), which secrete IL- 10 and TGF-β while suppressing IFN-γ, TNF, and MCP- 1 production, this shifts the TME toward immunosuppression, inhibiting CD8+ and CD4+ T cell activation and impairing TCR-mediated cytotoxic responses [433, 434].