ZDHHC9 and invasive breast carcinoma: Although DHHC3 mediates PD-L1 S-palmitoylation in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, ZDHHC9 is identified as the primary S-palmitoylation enzyme for PD-L1 in other cancers, lung adenocarcinoma [268], PDAC [386] and BrCa [387], ZDHHC9-mediated S-palmitoylation stabilizes PD-L1, promoting immune evasion.