TKT and neoplasm: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of oncolytic Ads in combination with αPD-L1, B16-F10 melanoma, which is a poorly immunogenic tumor (Xu et al. 2004), established in C57BL/6 mice were injected with oncolytic Ads (RdB/IL12/GMCSF, RdB/IL12/shVEGF, RdB/IL12/DCN, RdB/IL12/GMCSF-TK, or RdB/IL12/GMCSF-RLX) or one of these oncolytic Ads in combination with αPD-L1, along with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and αPD-L1 as controls.