In support, CD3+CD4+CD69+ and CD3+CD8+CD69+ T cell populations were also observed at the highest levels in combination therapy group, suggesting that the treatment induced robust activation of T cells. In contrast, NK and Treg cell population levels remained similar across different treatment groups. Taken together, these results suggest that the antitumor effect of the combination therapy was primarily mediated by activation of T cells and an increase in tumor-specific Th1 immune responses. Here, CD69 is linked to neoplasm.