The GO enrichment and protein–protein interaction analyses revealed significant alterations in key pathways related to the complement system, coagulation cascade, and JAK–STAT signaling, particularly protein kinase C. The complement and coagulation systems, which are essential for immune response and hemostasis, contribute to diabetic complications, including insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, nephropathy, and retinopathy [16,42,57–60]. The gene discussed is SOAT1; the disease is retinal disorder.