The use of attenuated Salmonella expressing proinsulin, delivering plasmids for TGF-β and IL10 expression, combined with a low-dose of anti-CD3 antibodies, was effective at treating T1D in NOD mice through immune modulation, promoting tolerance in tissue-resident T cells and APCs [64,65,66,67]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus.