TLR4 and cancer: Importantly, they can deliver targeted cancer therapeutic peptides that recognize receptors on DCs, stimulate the maturation of APCs through the PI3K-AKT pathway, and induce T-cell activation and differentiation through the TLR2/TLR4, NF-κB/MAPK, cGAS-STING, and IL-12-STAT4 signaling pathways, ultimately increasing the activity of CTLs to inhibit cancer growth.