TNF and COVID-19: In COVID-19, patients that suffered from severe infection were found to have higher levels of chemokines including CXCL-10, CCL-2, CCL-4, cytokines such as soluble IL-2R, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α, as well as C-reactive protein (CRP) [12,13], with reports of up to 92.3% of individuals with cytokine storm requiring treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU) [14].