GFAP and Mental deterioration: The study investigated cross-sectional but not prospective associations of the biomarkers with cognitive decline.23 In studies on animals with the astrocyte-specific GFAP promoter compared with APOE3-secreting astrocytes, there was a significantly decreased number of neurite outgrowths from neurons cultured with APOE4-secreting or APOE-knockout astrocytes.24 Despite these findings, to our knowledge, no population-based study has investigated the modification of GFAP associations by APOE4 carrier status.