Closed-loop insulin delivery systems, which continuously adjust insulin pumps based on CGM readings, were initially designed for type 1 diabetes.26 Although previous clinical trials have demonstrated its improvements in glucose control for T2D,27,28,29 its universal applicability is hindered by barriers such as patient acceptance, cost, and device complexity.30,31,32 The iNCDSS, which leverages point-of-care capillary blood glucose measurements and encompasses common subcutaneous insulin regimens, would be more suitable for patients with T2D in clinical practice. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.