Age, gender, smoking status, BMI, NYHA class, diabetes duration, troponin levels, creatinine levels, hemoglobin levels, HbA1c levels, uric acid levels, pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP), presence of ischemic heart disease, hypertension, chronic kidney disease (CKD), atrial fibrillation, use of specific medications such as ACEi/ARB, ARNI, beta blockers, SGLT-2 inhibitors, MRA, digoxin, diuretics, oral antidiabetic agents, and insulin therapy were evaluated in univariate analysis. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is atrial fibrillation.