Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is characterized by a pseudohypoxic intracellular state and genetic abnormalities, including mutation of the von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene whose inactivation leads to stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF1s) [1]. The gene discussed is VHL; the disease is nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.