The Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium dataset, accessed using the University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer data analysis Portal (44–46) which includes protein expression data from 74 human normal pancreas and 137 human PDAC samples, showed that P4HA1 protein expression is upregulated in PDAC (n = 137) compared with normal pancreas (n = 74; Fig. 3C, t test P < 0.0001). This evidence concerns the gene P4HA1 and cancer.