By examining the molecular level interactions, Bruzzaniti et al. [56] found that leptin inhibited the expression of forkhead-boxP3 (FoxP3) and its splicing variants containing the exon 2 (FoxP3-E2) that correlated inversely with inflammation and weakened lung function during COPD progression. Here, FOXP3 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.