ESR1 and osteoporosis: In this study including both male and female Turkish adult participants, COL1A1 1997G/T, ESR1 PvuII, ESR1 XbaI, VDR BsmI, LCT T13910C, OPG T245G, and IL-6 G174C gene variants were not associated with the risk of osteoporosis and osteopenia.