TNF and type 2 diabetes mellitus: This study retrospectively examined patients with PreDM and newly diagnosed T2DM to assess their immune and inflammatory levels by quantifying specific biomarkers in their blood, including PTX3, hs-CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6, as well as hematological indices such as NLR, MLR, PLR, AISI, SII, MCVL, and IIC.