Renal proximal tubule cells are particularly sensitive to CisPt accumulation by its continued import from the influx transporters Oct2 (Slc22a2) and Ctr1 (Slc31a1), which can outpace CisPt elimination, overwhelm biochemical defenses and repair systems, and eventually lead to cell death and renal failure in vivo [79]. This evidence concerns the gene SLC22A2 and kidney failure.