HSF1 and Azoospermia: Bioinformatic and machine learning studies suggest that the downregulation of heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1), Kelch domain-containing 3 (KLHDC3), and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), which is a selenium-dependent antioxidant enzyme critical for neutralizing lipid peroxides, thereby preventing ferroptosis, may be involved in ferroptosis in non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) [14].