SEMA3A and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease: These proteins are also identified as tumour suppressors, many cells possess Semaphorin receptors on their surface and inhibit cellular division and spread.134 The connection to axons of neurons explains its expression in Alzheimer’s disease,135 systemic lupus erythematosus,134 schizophrenia,135 scar tissues, rheumatoid arthritis,134 and spinal cord injuries.136 Additionally, SEMA3A is linked to multiple roles i.e., immune regulation, vascularization and angiogenesis, bone remodelling, organ formation, embryonic development, chemo repellent and oncogenesis137