The experimental results show that the CA can reduce oxidative stress damage, inflammatory response, and reduce the cell damage and adhesion of COM crystals by enhancing cellular antioxidant capacity, regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and reducing the expression of crystal adhesion protein OPN through multiple pathways, thus avoiding further aggregation or mineralization of calcium oxalate crystals and achieving the goal of treating kidney stones. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is nephrolithiasis.