Targeting specific signaling pathways, such as JAK/STAT, PI3Kγ/AKT, and NF-κB, which regulate TAM polarization, along with innovative strategies like nanocarriers, exosomes, and CAR-macrophage therapy, could significantly improve the efficacy of cancer treatments, particularly in solid tumors where immunosuppression is a major challenge (155). This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and cancer.