A similar pattern was observed for sepsis or septic shock, where RTS was associated with a higher incidence compared to LTS set at Hb ≤ 9 mg/dl (RR 1.41; 95% CI 1.02–1.97; p = 0.04; I2 = 0%; Fig. S23 in Supplementary information S1). Here, GSTM1 is linked to Sepsis.