Mechanistically, silencing P2X4 blocks the NLRP3/caspase- 1 pathway, demonstrating a neuroprotective effect in an intracerebral hemorrhage mouse model, while administration of an NLRP3 activator induces neuronal impairment in the same model (Wu et al. 2023). The gene discussed is P2RX4; the disease is intracerebral hemorrhage.