TNF and colonic neoplasm: While CaMKII-mediated MLKL phosphorylation executes necroptosis in colon cancer cells treated with OSW-1 (Fig. 5) and smooth muscle cells treated with TNF-α plus z-VAD [46], it was found to facilitate autophagic flux and protect cells from starvation-induced death in L929 mouse fibroblast cells [47].