LRRK2 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Furthermore, an imbalance in the receptor-interacting Ser/Thr-protein kinase-1 (RIPK1),35 receptor of activated protein kinase C1,36 and leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2)37 kinase signaling cascades exacerbates the course of both PD and ALS.