TBK1 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Whole-exome sequencing data of 2869 ALS patients and 6405 controls have identified TBK1 as an ALS-associated gene,508 further supported by another independent study showing that the haploinsufficiency of TBK1 caused ALS.509 Thereafter, the pathogenic role of ALS-TBK1 mutations has been validated,510–512 e.g., nonsense, frameshift, and missense mutant forms were found in sporadic and fALS patients.513