PTEN and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Although alterations of tumor suppressors such as tumor protein p53 (TP53), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A), and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) are common in both LUAD and LUSC subtypes, their importance in SOX2-mediated NSCLC is largely unknown (12–14).