TNF and colorectal cancer: 2019, Grimm et al. 2010). Patients with high blood IL‐6 levels also have lower DFS (Shiga et al. 2016, Cheng et al. 2023). IL‐6 plays a pivotal role in acquiring cancer stem cell properties via FRA1 transcription factor activation in colon cancer cells (Wang et al. 2019). The number of Treg infiltrates in colorectal cancer tissues correlates with DFS (Saito et al. 2016). Higher TNF‐α expression in colon cancer tissues leads to increased macrophage infiltrates expressing CCL18+, the ligand for CCR8, along with more CCR8+ Treg infiltrates (Guo et al. 2023).