CD4 and neoplasm: Tertiary lymphoid aggregates were not appreciated in any of the pre-treatment core biopsies but were identified in all 19 tumor specimens after GVAX treatment with or without anti-PD-1.24 The addition of anti-PD-1 therapy to GVAX further increased the density of tumor-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells while decreasing CD4+PD1+T cells compared with GVAX alone.