CD8A and neoplasm: The primary end point of DFS was not met in a phase 2 study (NCT02648282) of neoadjuvant SOC chemotherapy, GVAX, anti-PD1, and SBRT for patients with LAPC.27 A phase 2 trial (NCT03161379) of neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX, SBRT, and GVAX again underscored the safety of this treatment combination during a median OS of 20.4 months, with a 35 % major pathologic response rate, comparable with contemporary studies.28 Correlative immunologic studies of treated resected tissue suggest that the addition of GVAX to SBRT increases densities of effector CD8+ T cells, with shorter distance to tumor cells.