After exclusion of genes univocally associated with clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP; ATM, ASXL1, CBL, CHEK2, DNMT3A, JAK2, IDH2, KMT2D (MLL2), MPL, MYD88, SF3B1, TET2, TP53, and U2AF1), the five most frequent cancer-related alterations identified through ctDNA sequencing were VHL (25.0%), PBRM1 (10.9%), TERT2 (8.7%), BAP1 (8.7%), and MTOR (7.6%) mutations (Fig. 1c). Here, VHL is linked to cancer.