CD8A and neoplasm: A previous study revealed that AKT3 knockdown could attenuate the TGF-beta signaling.[54] Simultaneous inhibition of EGFR and TNF signaling suppresses HNSC tumor growth.[55] Additionally, the TGF-beta signaling pathway inhibits T cell infiltration.[56,57] Therefore, we infer that hub genes may downregulate the infiltration of CD4 and CD8 T cells, thereby promoting the development of HNSC through the activation of the TGF-beta signaling pathway.