SMAD2 and triple-A syndrome: PAI-1<sup>-/-</sup> resulted in harmful changes in the levels of gp91<sup>phox</sup>, cleaved-caspase 8, TGF-β, p-Smad2/3, collagen I/III, gp91<sup>phox</sup>, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 mRNAs and/or protein in the AAA lesions as well as oxidative stress production and macrophage infiltration.