KISS1 and preeclampsia: However, studies on preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, and preterm birth have noted similar elevations in the placental expression of kisspeptin (Torricelli et al. 2008; Zhang et al. 2011; Qiao et al. 2012; Vodneva et al. 2014; Matjila et al. 2016; Kapustin et al. 2020).