Finally, to extend these results to humans, we examined the expression of the APOBEC3 genes (A3A and A3B), various adenocarcinoma (NKX2-1 and MUC5B) and squamous (TP63 and SOX2) markers, and the inflammatory genes IL1A and IL1B in published gene expression datasets from patients with lung cancer with an adenocarcinoma or squamous cell histology (73). Here, SOX2 is linked to lung carcinoma.