A study by Shiu and colleagues revealed that miR-138 acceleratesHCC cell senescence via repression of TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase) in HCV-associated HCC [53].Mir-138-5p represses the development of RB (retinoblastoma) via suppression of PDK1 (pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1), that couldfurther assist in explaining the RB tumorigenesis mechanism [54]. The gene discussed is TERT; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.