MMP9 and Hepatic fibrosis: CSE might also modify elements related to ECM degradation or turnover, because caffeine decreased MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 activity in a rat model of liver fibrosis (Arauz et al., 2014), and cocoa procyanidins inhibited the expression and activation of MMP‐2 in human vascular SMCs (Lee et al., 2008).