Building on our earlier research using bisulfite amplicon sequencing (BA-seq) of three age-associated regions of PDE4C, FHL2, and CCDC102B, which indicated an overall acceleration of epigenetic age in MPN [24], we employed two epigenetic signatures [25, 26] to further validate that PMF exhibits significantly accelerated epigenetic age, consistent across all three driver mutations (Fig. 4a–d). The gene discussed is PDE4C; the disease is myeloproliferative neoplasm.