We investigated the abundance of phospho-SMAD2 linker positive (pSMAD2L+) cells in NSCLC and tumour-free tissues by using a 4-plex mIF panel to discriminate epithelial cells (panCK+) and immune cells (CD45+) as well as their mitotic status, indicated by pHH3 (Fig. 6a). The gene discussed is SMAD2; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.