Erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents, including recombinant human EPO (epoetin alfa, beta, zeta and theta) and the longer acting darbepoetin alfa, are the cornerstone of anaemia treatment in LR‐MDS (Table 1), seemingly promoting the proliferation of erythroid cells and preventing the intramedullary apoptosis of erythroid precursors, thereby addressing ineffective erythropoiesis. This evidence concerns the gene EPO and myelodysplastic syndrome.