Erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents, including recombinant human EPO (epoetin alfa, beta, zeta and theta) and the longer acting darbepoetin alfa, are the cornerstone of anaemia treatment in LR‐MDS (Table 1), seemingly promoting the proliferation of erythroid cells and preventing the intramedullary apoptosis of erythroid precursors, thereby addressing ineffective erythropoiesis. The gene discussed is EPO; the disease is anemia (phenotype).