In the case of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), research has shown that latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) promotes immune evasion by recruiting ALIX to load PD-L1 into small EVs, thereby inhibiting CD8+ T cell function and enhancing tumor immunosuppression. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is nasopharyngeal carcinoma.