To deepen our understanding of how VISTA affects anti-tumour immunity in TNBC, we utilised a preclinical mouse model previously described to recapitulate the progression of human TNBC [25, 26], in which Py230 breast cancer cells were orthotopically implanted into the mammary fat pad of recipient syngeneic mice for 30 days (Fig. 1f). The gene discussed is VSIR; the disease is breast carcinoma.