Three studies focused on ADsEVs and found that complement effector proteins such as C1q, C4b, Factor B, Factor D, fragment Bb, C5b, C3b, C3d, and C5b-C9 TCC in patients with AD were increased, while complement regulatory proteins like CD59, DAF, CD46, and CR1 were decreased. Here, CD59 is linked to Alzheimer disease.