CTSB and infection: While CtenRNAV infection may activate a variety of unique host proteases, the CtenRNAV genome also encodes a putative cysteine protease within the replicase polyprotein (57), similar to other viruses in the order Picornavirales (58), which use this protease in various aspects of the virus life cycle, including viral polyprotein processing, inhibition of host transcription, and the induction of apoptosis (59).