CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In recent years, immunotherapy has emerged as an important option for treating non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, with programmed death receptor-1/-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in combination with platinum-containing double-agent chemotherapy now established as the primary first-line therapeutic approach in clinical settings (1–3).