HSPA1A and hepatocellular carcinoma: Noteworthy examples include HPV-16 E7 fused with HSP70 for cervical cancer, Dickkopf-1 (DKK1)-HSP70 DNA vaccines in multiple myeloma and AFP-HSP70 for hepatocellular carcinoma, demonstrating both prophylactic and therapeutic antitumour effects [191, 190].