Furthermore, DNA nanocircles functionalizedwith pH-sensitive DNAmotifs, aptamers targeting lysosome-shuttling receptors, and programmedcell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) demonstrated significant therapeutic potentialin the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).134 These engineered nanostructures effectively facilitatedthe degradation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and PD-L1in tumor tissue, enabling a dual-targeting strategy that combinesa targeted therapeutic effect and immune modulation.134. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.