AIF1 and melanoma: The combi-ICI-treated, melanoma-burdened mice treated with vehicle (Melanoma + Veh), as well as the melanoma-bearing mice receiving combi-ICI (Melanoma + combi-ICI) showed significant increases (P’s<0.0001) in CD68-IBA1 dual immunoreactivity in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) indicating microglial activation (Fig. 4B–C).