Both OSA and AD cause neuroinflammation; while the mechanism for each pathology alone is thought to involve the activation of toll light receptor-4 (TLR4), the NACHT-, LRR-, and pyrin (PYD)-domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, ASC spec formation and astrocyte activation, the cellular interaction between these pathologies remains unclear [29–33]. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.