In the maternal plasma, AF + dams had lower concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (p = 0.048, padj: 0.502) and IL-10 (p = 0.0455, padj: 0.502) compared to AF− dams (Fig. 7Aand Suppl Table 6). Here, BDNF is linked to atrial fibrillation.