Indicative of the generalizability of these observations towards other targeted therapies in NSCLC, CAF1 CM conferred strong protection against EGFR inhibitors gefitinib and erlotinib in the PC9 cell line model of EGFR mutant NSCLC, capable of cell-intrinsic persistence and resistance (9,11,20) (Fig. S1B) as well as against KRASG12C inhibitors sotorasib and ARS-1620 in the H358 model of KRASG12C NSCLC (Fig. S1C). This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma.