These effects, which we describe under the umbrella term of stroma-mediated (SM) resistance (SMR), have been well-documented across various therapeutic contexts but appear to be particularly relevant for targeted therapies directed against oncogenic signaling addictions, such as inhibitors of EGFR and ALK mutations in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma.