SLC5A2 and hydrops fetalis: To ensure both foundational insights and more focused on recent advancements, a structured search strategy was employed using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and keyword terms, focusing on HF: (“Heart failure” OR “HFrEF” OR “HFpEF”) AND (“SGLT2 inhibitors” OR “sGC stimulators” OR “cardiac myosin activators”) AND (“CRISPR-Cas9” OR “RNA-based therapeutics” OR “AAV9-SERCA2a”) AND (“extracellular vesicles” OR “iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes” OR “3D-bioprinting”) AND “AI-driven precision medicine”.