SOD1 and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease: These disorders include amyloid β (Aβ) for Alzheimer’s disease, superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) or Tar DNA binding protein-43 (TDP-43) for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and modified α-syn, such as nitrated or phosphorylated α-syn, for Parkinson’s disease.